![]() Now both the internal water element and the external water element are simply water element. What is the internal water element? Whatever internally, belonging to oneself, is water, watery, and clung-to, that is, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, spittle, snot, oil-of-the-joints, urine, or whatever else internally, belonging to oneself, is water, watery, and clung-to: this is called the internal water element. MN 140 § 15: "What, bhikkhu, is the water element? The water element may be either internal or external. ![]() And that should be seen as it actually is with proper wisdom thus: ‘This is not mine, this I am not, this is not my self.’ When one sees it thus as it actually is with proper wisdom, one becomes disenchanted with the earth element and makes the mind dispassionate towards the earth element." Now both the internal earth element and the external earth element are simply earth element. What is the internal earth element? Whatever internally, belonging to oneself, is solid, solidified, and clung-to, that is, head-hairs, body-hairs, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone-marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, diaphragm, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, contents of the stomach, feces, or whatever else internally, belonging to oneself, is solid, solidified, and clung-to: this is called the internal earth element. MN 140 § 14: "What, bhikkhu, is the earth element? The earth element may be either internal or external. And while these teachings may ostensibly seem straightforward and high-level, that is only true for those who are just beginning to approach and think about the Primary Elements, because for those who have positioned themselves in more advanced places along the Buddhist curve, these teachings are deep and profoundly beneficial to the cultivation of our wisdom. My students are well-aware that I possess a strong predilection of steering them away from the alluring eddies of Buddhist metaphysics and Buddhist cosmology however, understanding the teachings of the Buddhist Primary Elements in the development of our wisdom (pañña) is not a distraction or a waste of precious time, but rather a very skilful and beneficial use of our effort. The Buddha only taught that which is true and beneficial to our striving to extinguish the fuel that feeds samsara. Truth be told, that's a position that is borne of a misunderstanding of the actual teaching and the place this teaching serves as a lesson to be contemplated and understood within Buddhism.įrom the perspective of a Buddhist practitioner who is learning, studying, contemplating, and meditating in order to realise progress along the Buddhist path toward enlightenment, the Four Elements are just as applicable and practical to our understanding and practice today as it was over 2,600 years ago when they were taught by the Buddha to his disciples. Many practitioners question the relevance and applicability of the Primary Elements in the 21st Century, especially since Science has come so far that it makes it seem almost childish or irrelevant to adopt a view that the world around us is made up of Earth, Water, Fire, and Air elements. ![]() ![]() I am occasionally asked by students and other practitioners about how to understand and apply the teachings on the Four Elements (Pāli: cattāro mahābhūtāni ) of Earth, Water, Fire, and Air and what is meant by the notion that everything is made up of some combination of Earth Elements, Water Elements, Fire Elements, and Air Elements and, the less-often-mentioned, Fifth Element of Space.
0 Comments
In essence, how quickly does an object fall toward the ground? There are, of course, other factors to consider. The force of gravity can be measured as acceleration. In the absence of true antigravity technology hoverboards need some source of energy to push them away from the ground. Several companies have undertaken the task of bringing the dream of flying skateboards into reality. Sadly, 2015 came and went without the arrival of flying cars, Jaws 19, or hoverboards under Christmas trees, but not for lack of trying. We got our hands on some and we put them in the movie.” ![]() It’s just that parents’ groups have not let the toy manufacturers make them. In a 30-minute special to promote the release of the movie, Zemeckis said “They’ve been around for years. Mostly it was driven by director Robert Zemeckis, himself. This was driven in part by a clearly apparent Mattel logo slapped on top of the board and more than a little wish-fulfillment from kids. the next morning.Īround the time of the movie’s release, rumors abounded in schoolyards all over the world that the hoverboards were, in fact, real. ![]() ET, we’ll be showing Back to the Future (1985), Back to the Future Part II (1989), and Back to Future Part III (1990) back-to-back until 12:30 a.m. If you're looking to revisit that glorious future (and past), SYFY is running a Back to the Future marathon this Thurs., Oct. Alongside the spookily prescient vision of Biff as a powerful corporate overlord, were flying cars, magic pizzas, and the mode of transportation every ‘80s kind wanted: the hoverboard. That was due in large part to the incredible, yet vaguely familiar feel of the technology presented in the flick. Back to the Future Part II helped define visions of the future in a way most other forward-facing sci-fi franchises just couldn’t. ![]() If not, it returns a small class instance that has a dummy play method. The first thing this functionĭoes is check to see if the pygame.mixer pygame module for loading and playing sounds module was imported correctly. Next is the function to load a sound file. get_init (): return NoneSound () fullname = os. ![]() In this case theįunction will lookup the color at the topleft pixel of the image, and useĭef load_sound ( name ): class NoneSound : def play ( self ): pass if not pg. You can also pass a value of -1 as the colorkey. ![]() This would usually just be a color RGB value, like (255, 255, 255) for If the user supplied an argumentįor the colorkey argument we use that value as the colorkey for the image. To scaleīy a scalar, we can get the size and scale the x and y by the scalar. This function takes a Surface and the size it should be scaled to. We then scale the image, using the () resize to new resolution function. Image to the screen will happen as quickly as possible. Its color format and depth to match the display. This makes a new copy of a Surface and converts Next we load the image using the () load new image from a file (or file-like object) function.Īfter the image is loaded, we make an importantĬall to the convert() function. The os.path.join function, a pathname will be created that works for whatever In this example all the resources are in a "data" subdirectory. The first thing this function does is create a full pathname to the file. A colorkey is used in graphics to represent a color of the Takes an argument it can use to set a colorkey for the image, and an argument This function takes the name of an image to load. convert () if colorkey is not None : if colorkey = - 1 : colorkey = image. get_size () size = ( size * scale, size * scale ) image = pg. Look at each function individually in this section.ĭef load_image ( name, colorkey = None, scale = 1 ): fullname = os. Here we have two functions we can use to load images and sounds. It then prepares the variable data_dir to tell the Main_dir uses the os.path module and the _file_ variable providedīy Python to locate the game's python file, and extract the folder from Lastly, we prepare two paths for the rest of the code to use. ![]() (Although they will only be unavailable in very uncommon situations). Mixer modules in pygame are not available. Some pygame modules are optional, and if they aren't found, Pygame as pg, so that all of the functionality of pygame is able to In the next line, we import the pygame package. Us to do things like create platform independent file paths. join ( main_dir, "data" )įirst, we import the standard "os" python module. mixer : print ( "Warning, sound disabled" ) main_dir = os. font : print ( "Warning, fonts disabled" ) if not pg. The findings, they believe, lend support to the idea that human language started with such gestures rather than speech.# Import Modules import os import pygame as pg if not pg. They found that the apes use such gestures much more flexibly - in different contexts with apparently different meanings - than they used facial expressions and vocalizations. In research published on Monday, scientists seeking clues to the origins of human language analyzed the way two types of apes genetically closely related to people - chimpanzees and bonobos - use such hand and limb gestures to communicate. And the same gesture may be used after two males fight as a signal of reconciliation. Under different circumstances, the same chimpanzee may use the same gesture to try to coax a female chimpanzee to have sex. In research published on Monday, scientists seeking clues to the origins of human language analyzed the way two types of apes genetically closely related to people - chimpanzees and bonobos - use such hand and limb gestures to communicate.REUTERS/Yerkes National Primate Research Center/Frans de Waal In this undated picture, a juvenile chimpanzee at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center in Atlanta tries to reclaim food that another chimpanzee has taken away by combining a begging gesture with a silent bared-teeth face. ![]() ![]() The trial court said that the Yellow Pages were commercial speech. The Ninth Circuit reversed, in a ruling that focuses almost exclusively on the level of protection accorded to Yellow Pages directories. (Here’s our blog post on the injunctive relief ruling: “ Judge Refuses to Block Seattle’s Yellow Pages Opt-out Law - Dex Media v. The trial court denied their request for an injunction, and later granted summary judgment to the City. Some Yellow Pages publishers challenged the ordinance on First Amendment, commerce clause, and state law grounds. The ordinance exempted certain publications, including “membership organization” directories and residential telephone directories that did not contain any “yellow pages” advertising. The City of Seattle thought that Yellow Pages were not particularly useful and created unnecessary waste, so it required Yellow Pages distributors obtain a license, publish a notice regarding a new City-created opt-out registry, and pay fees for each book distributed. ![]() Note: We do not offer technical support for developing or debugging scripted downloading processes.Dex Media West v. Note that this policy may change as the SEC manages SEC.gov to ensure that the website performs efficiently and remains available to all users. This SEC practice is designed to limit excessive automated searches on SEC.gov and is not intended or expected to impact individuals browsing the SEC.gov website. Once the rate of requests has dropped below the threshold for 10 minutes, the user may resume accessing content on SEC.gov. If a user or application submits more than 10 requests per second, further requests from the IP address(es) may be limited for a brief period. Current guidelines limit users to a total of no more than 10 requests per second, regardless of the number of machines used to submit requests. We reserve the right to block IP addresses that submit excessive requests. To ensure our website performs well for all users, the SEC monitors the frequency of requests for SEC.gov content to ensure automated searches do not impact the ability of others to access SEC.gov content. Unauthorized attempts to upload information and/or change information on any portion of this site are strictly prohibited and are subject to prosecution under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act of 1996 (see Title 18 U.S.C. For security purposes, and to ensure that the public service remains available to users, this government computer system employs programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information or to otherwise cause damage, including attempts to deny service to users. More Information Internet Security Policyīy using this site, you are agreeing to security monitoring and auditing. For more information, contact more information, please see the SEC’s Web Site Privacy and Security Policy. You can also sign up for email updates on the SEC open data program, including best practices that make it more efficient to download data, and SEC.gov enhancements that may impact scripted downloading processes. Please declare your traffic by updating your user agent to include company specific information.įor best practices on efficiently downloading information from SEC.gov, including the latest EDGAR filings, visit sec.gov/developer. Your request has been identified as part of a network of automated tools outside of the acceptable policy and will be managed until action is taken to declare your traffic. To allow for equitable access to all users, SEC reserves the right to limit requests originating from undeclared automated tools. Your Request Originates from an Undeclared Automated Tool ![]() Unfortunately, cheap imitations released in the gemstone market have had a negative impact on these North American centers of onyx production. In previous decades, Baja California and northwest Mexico produced significant amounts of onyx. ![]() However, deposits also exist in Peru, Afghanistan, Madagascar, and the U.S. ![]() In today’s gemstone industry, the onyx birthstone is produced in the largest quantities in Brazil, India, and Uruguay. If you suffer from epilepsy or glaucoma, onyx is believed to be helpful for these conditions, too. Holistic approaches to medicine use onyx as a remedy for ailments involving the feet, blood, and bones-bone marrow in particular. It is also said to bring relief where there is tension, worry, and anxiety, and is thought to do away with confusion and nightmares. In crystal healing circles, the onyx birthstone is believed to increase the strength, stamina, and vigor of the wearer and boost their powers of self-control. Onyx of any color is given for a 7th wedding anniversary and black onyx is given for a 10th wedding anniversary. With its parallel black and white bands, bicolor onyx has also enjoyed a long association with romance and thought to protect a relationship from outside influences that may disrupt its internal harmony. It is also said to add more structure to the person’s life and provide wisdom for making good decisions. When given as a birthstone today, onyx is believed to boost the wearer’s sense of confidence, authority, and ability to be the master of his or her own destiny. Ancient Indians and Persians believed that onyx provided protection against the evil eye and could help a woman to birth more quickly and easily when the stone was placed on her stomach. In supernatural ceremonies, onyx gemstones were carved with the image of the head of the planet Mars or the god Hercules to protect the person conducting the ritual. Perhaps due to its intense coloring, onyx has traditionally been used as an amulet for protection when fighting in a battle or walking down a dark street at night. In antiquity, onyx was carved into bases and handles for solid gold objects and engraved in negative relief for use in Roman seals. ![]() Historically, the onyx birthstone has been used in ornamental carvings and jewelry-with black-and-white onyx cameo gemstones being especially popular. As the arrow clipped the fingernails of the sleeping goddess, the pared nails sunk to the bottom of the river and were transformed into the onyx birthstone. The History, Symbolism, and Meaning of the Black Onyx StoneĪccording to Indian mythology, the goddess Venus (Rati) was found deep in slumber on the banks of the Indus River when Cupid (Kamadeva) decided to give her a manicure with his magic arrow. However, as we specialize in black onyx, we will focus on this variety of the onyx birthstone. Sardonyx-the red and white variety of this mineral-is the traditional birthstone for the month of August and also holds an important place in gemstone astrology. True onyx is a silicate mineral with parallel black and white bands that can also be found in the solid black color we use at AZEERA. Black Onyx in GeologyĬomposed of a form of quartz known as chalcedony, onyx is named after the Greek word for “claw” or “fingernail” thanks to the white and yellow veins observed in onyx marble. Learn more about the ancient black onyx stone and its meaning to see whether a black onyx ring could be right for you. Onyx is the mystical birthstone for December and astrological birthstone for Leo. Then you will receive an email with a magic link. If you once activated your license, you can open and fill the email account which you was used to activated Typora. License and Activation Status Find My License Via the email purchased the licenseĪ license key is sent to your email address after purchase, so you just need to search your mailbox and check the Spam folder if you can’t find it. If you want to use offline activation, please see details here. In other words, devices that is activated by offline activation cannot be deactivated in at least 6 month, and will be counted in the 3 devices limit for one license code, unless it was back to internet again. Once you generated an Activation Token, that will occupy one available seats for the license (one license has up to 3 activated devices at one time) for at least 6 month, because we cannot know if you are using that device or not since it is offline. On Windows / Linux, you can open the License panel from the menu bar: Help → My license….Ĭlick 'Enter License' button Enter email address and license codeĪfterwards, Typora will be up and running! Offline Activation On macOS, you can open the License Panel from the menu bar: Typora → My license…. ![]() You can activate Typora in the License Panel. One license code can be used to activate a maximum of 3 devices at a time, and different accounts and operating systems on one machine are considered separate devices. If you switch to other accounts or other devices, you will need to activate Typora for those new accounts or devices. Once you have used a license code, you will need to use the same email address for future activations, so please make sure that you have entered a valid email address.Īctivation requires internet connection, so you will need access to to proceed with activation.Īctivating Typora activates your account’s copy of Typora on your current machine. Please note that Typora allow you to use one email to purchase Typora while activated it another email address. After your purchase a license code will be sent to your email address, which you can use to activate Typora. To activate Typora, you will need to purchase a license first. What is allowed or not allowed when using Typora?Īctivation Pre-conditions and Important Notes.How many devices can I use at the same time for one license?.My Typora has been unexpectedly deactivated.Error message “Failed to write your license to local machine”.Please check your network or try again later.” Error message “Failed to access the license server. ![]()
![]() After assuming the throne, Ezana proclaimed Christianity the state religion. He became an advisor to the court at Aksum and a tutor to the crown prince, Ezana. Frumentius came from the Phoenician city of Tyre (present-day Lebanon). A figure named Frumentius is given credit for spreading the gospel to Ethiopia. and became the first sub-Saharan African state to embrace the new Semitic religion. Aksum had become Christianized in the fourth century C.E. ![]() The Roman emperor at Byzantium supported Aksum in this venture, largely in retaliation for Yemen’s persecution of Christians. In the sixth century, the Aksumite King Kaleb sent a force across the Red Sea to subdue the Yemenites, subjugating them as vassals for several decades. Led by King Ezana I, Aksumites conquered the city-state of Meroe (part of present-day Sudan) in the early fourth century C.E. Aksum also enlarged its territory through warfare. The kingdom exercised administrative and economic control over a swath of territory encompassing Tigray and northern Eritrea, the desert, coastal plains to the south and east, and much of the Red Sea coast (in present-day Djibouti and Somalia). The city of Aksum grew in population, size, and the complexity of its development, while smaller towns and rural villages sprang up in surrounding areas. In those years, it was a prosperous, stratified society, with divisions ranging from high nobles, lower status members of the elite classes, and common folk. The kingdom of Aksum reached its peak power between the third and sixth centuries C.E. These coins have been recovered in multiple foreign locations, including as far away as India. Aksum was the first African country to mint its own coins-in gold, silver, and bronze-all in the standard weight categories issued by the Roman Empire. Perhaps their most important commercial partners were the Byzantine Romans. Their trading partners included most of the major states in the known world: Egypt, South Arabia, the Middle East, India, and China. In exchange, they imported textiles, iron, steel, weapons, glassware, jewelry, spices, olive oil, and wine. Gold and ivory were perhaps their most valuable export commodities, but they also trafficked in tortoise shells, rhinoceros horns, frankincense, myrrh, emeralds, salt, live animals, and enslaved people. ![]() The Aksumites took full advantage of these commercial opportunities. Most importantly, the city was strategically positioned at the crossroads of trade routes running in every direction, from the East African coast to the continent's interior. Its climate, rainfall patterns, and fertile soil made the area suitable for herding livestock and agriculture. The city is located some 2,000 meters (6,562 feet) above sea level, on a plateau. The local geography contributed to the rise of Aksum. or thereabouts, Aksum had emerged as a state to unify the area. Nevertheless, it is clear that by the first century C.E. Scientists and historians are still trying to understand the process of cultural and economic development that led to the growth of a wide polity in this region. Another city-state seems to have existed right next to Aksum on the Bieta Giyorgis Hill. This culture was apparently based in the village of Yeha, in the Tigray highlands about 50 kilometers (31 miles) northeast of Aksum. In this region, archaeologists have found evidence of a complex society called Di’amat, or D’MT, that preceded the rise of Aksum by several centuries. People from the kingdom of Saba, across the Red Sea on the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula, may have migrated into the area in the first millennium B.C.E. But the origins of the kingdom of Aksum are mysterious. Humans had inhabited the region and the valleys below since the Stone Age, and agrarian communities had been there for at least a millennium. Aksum was situated in the highlands of northern Ethiopia, in a region called Tigray, near present-day Eritrea. Aksum was also noteworthy for its elaborate monuments and written script, as well as for introducing the Christian religion to the rest of sub-Saharan Africa. Aksum, the capital city, was a metropolis with a peak population as high as 20,000. This wealthy African civilization thrived for centuries, controlling a large territorial state and access to vast trade routes linking the Roman Empire to the Middle East and India. A major empire of the ancient world, the kingdom of Aksum arose in Ethiopia during the first century C.E. ![]() Making your PDFs more accessible can help you reach a wider audience and ensure that your content is available to all users. For example, you may want to include alternative text for images, use clear and legible fonts, and structure your content in a logical order. When creating a PDF from your InDesign file, consider how accessible it is for individuals with disabilities. This step is particularly important if you plan to distribute your PDF digitally or share it with a diverse audience. Test on Different Devices and PlatformsĪfter saving your InDesign file as a PDF, open it on various devices and platforms to ensure that your design appears as intended. ![]() This step will help you avoid potential issues that may arise during the printing or sharing process. Double-check for spelling and grammar errors, alignment issues, and color consistency. Additional Tips for Saving InDesign Files as PDFs Proofread and Review Your Documentīefore exporting your InDesign file as a PDF, take the time to proofread and review your document thoroughly. ![]() InDesign will save your document as a PDF file in the specified location. Once you’ve configured your PDF settings, click on the “Export” button in the “Export Adobe PDF” dialog box. Common presets include “High Quality Print” (for high-resolution printing), “Smallest File Size” (for digital distribution), and “Press Quality” (for commercial printing). Here, you can configure various settings for your PDF, such as: Adobe PDF PresetĬhoose a preset from the dropdown menu, which determines the PDF settings based on the intended output. Step 4: Configure PDF export settingsĬlick on the “Save” button to open the “Export Adobe PDF” dialog box. Enter a filename for your PDF, and ensure that “Adobe PDF (Print)” is selected in the “Save as type” (Windows) or “Format” (Mac) dropdown menu. In the “Export” dialog box, navigate to the folder where you want to save the PDF file. Step 3: Choose a destination and filename Alternatively, you can use the keyboard shortcut “Ctrl + E” (Windows) or “Cmd + E” (Mac). Step 2: Access the Export menuĬlick on “File” in the top menu bar, and select “Export” from the dropdown menu. Make any final edits to your document before proceeding to ensure that it’s ready for export. Launch Adobe InDesign and open the file you want to save as a PDF. Annual Reports For All Businesses Brochure Templates Varied Formats Magazine Layouts Modern & Stylish Proposal Templates Clean & Simple Flyer Designs Promote an Event CV & Resume Templates Stand Out in StyleĮxplore InDesign Templates Exporting an InDesign File as a PDF Step 1: Open your InDesign file |